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Hebrews 4:12 – Dividing Asunder of Soul and Spirit – Part 2

[Study Aired August 20, 2024]

IV. The Concept of the ‘Inner Man’

Paul often refers to the ‘inner man’, which encompass aspects of both soul and spirit:

“For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.” (2 Corinthians 4:16)

This concept of the ‘inner man’ being renewed suggests an ongoing process of spiritual growth and transformation.

Job also spoke of the inward and the heart.

Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart? (Job 38:36)

Psalms 64 tells us more about the heart.

“To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hear my voice, O God, in my prayer: preserve my life from fear of the enemy. Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity: Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words: That they may shoot in secret at the perfect: suddenly do they shoot at him, and fear not. They encourage themselves in an evil matter: they commune of laying snares privily; they say, Who shall see them? They search out iniquities; they accomplish a diligent search: both the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep. But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; suddenly shall they be wounded. So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away. And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for they shall wisely consider of his doing. The righteous shall be glad in the LORD, and shall trust in him; and all the upright in heart shall glory.” (Psalms 64:1-10)

“Who whet their tongue like a sword”, a two-edge sword, they use the word of God attempting to destroy Christ and his christs. “The heart is deep” is telling us how our ways as the old man are desperately wicked. The deep is the bottomless pit in which the beast ascends discussed in Revelation 11.

For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. (Hebrews 4:12)

“And there was given me a reed like unto a rod: and the angel stood, saying, Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and them that worship therein. But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two months. And I will give power unto my two witnesses, and they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and threescore days, clothed in sackcloth. These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth. And if any man will hurt them, fire proceedeth out of their mouth, and devoureth their enemies: and if any man will hurt them, he must in this manner be killed. These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will. And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, and kill them. And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified. And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put in graves. And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and make merry, and shall send gifts one to another; because these two prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth.” (Revelation 11:1-10)

The ‘inner man,’ which Paul speaks about is contrasted with the ‘outward man’ in 2 Corinthians 4:16:

“For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.

This inner man is central to spiritual growth and transformation.

Again in Job 38:36 similar these concepts are mentioned:

“Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart?”

This verse links the inward parts and the heart to wisdom and understanding. Here are the answers to these questions.

Who now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up that which is behind of the afflictions [dividing asunder of soul and spirit] of Christ in my flesh for his body’s sake, which is the church: Whereof I am made a minister, according to the dispensation of God which is given to me for you, to fulfil the word of God; Even the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations, but now is made manifest [ by dividing asunder of soul and spirit] to his saints: To whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles; which is Christ in you, the hope of glory: Whom we preach, warning every man, and teaching every man in all wisdom; that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus: Whereunto I also labour, striving according to his working, which worketh in me mightily [dividing asunder of soul and spirit]. (Colossians 1:24-29)

Psalm 64 provided further insight into the heart’s nature. It describes those who “whet their tongue like a sword” (verse 3) and notes that “the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep” (verse 6). The psalm concludes with “The righteous shall be glad in the LORD, and shall trust in him; and all the upright in heart shall glory” (verse 10), showing a contrast between different heart conditions.

These passages collectively suggest that the ‘inner man’ or ‘heart’ is complex and is oriented towards both good and evil. It’s portrayed as a source of thoughts, words, and actions, and its condition is closely tied to one’s relationship with God.

The Bible consistently emphasizes the importance of this inner aspect of a person. As Proverbs 4:23 states,

“Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life.“

This underscores the central role of the heart in determining one’s spiritual state and actions.

By comparing these scriptures, we see a consistent biblical theme of an inner spiritual reality that is distinct from, yet connected to, our physical existence. This inner man or heart is presented as the core of a person’s spiritual life and the focus of spiritual renewal and growth.

V. The Holy Spirit’s Role

The holy spirit plays a crucial role in the spiritual life of believers, interacting with and empowering our spirit:

(Romans 8:16) “The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:”

This verse reveals an intimate connection between the holy spirit and our spirit. The holy spirit “bears witness” or testifies, confirming our identity as God’s children. This suggests a profound spiritual communion and alignment between God’s Spirit and our spirit.

Throughout Scripture, the holy spirit is depicted as the source of spiritual empowerment, wisdom, and transformation for believers. For example:

(Acts 1:8) “But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.”

Here, Jesus promises his disciples that the holy spirit will equip them with the necessary power to fulfill their calling as witnesses. The holy spirit is seen as the divine enabler, giving us abilities to carry out God’s purposes.

In 1 Corinthians 2:10-12, Paul further clarifies the Spirit’s role:

“But God hath revealed them (the princes of this world vs.8) unto us by his Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God. Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God.“

This passage highlights the spirit’s ability to reveal the “deep things of God” to our spirit, imparting God’s understanding and knowledge. The holy spirit is seen as the conduit through which believers come to know the things of God.

Additionally, the spirit is credited with the work of sanctification and transformation within the believer. It is through Christ that we receive the spirit of the Father which was given to Christ:

(John 14:10-1) “Don’t you believe that I am in the Father, and that the Father is in me? The words I say to you I do not speak on my own authority. Rather, it is the Father, living in me, who is doing his work. Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me.”

(2 Corinthians 3:18) “But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.”

These verses indicate that the holy spirit actively works to conform believers into the image of Christ, a process of ongoing spiritual growth and maturation.

In summary, the biblical witness presents the holy spirit as intimately involved with our spirit, empowering, revealing, and transforming believers from within, as they cooperate with the spirit’s work. This underscores the essential role of the spirit in the spiritual life and development of God’s people.

VI. The Relationship Between Soul and Spirit and Body

In 1 Thessalonians 5:23, Paul prays:

“And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.“

Paul distinguishing between spirit, soul, and body in 1 Thessalonians 5:23, it’s important to consider this in the broader context of his teachings, particularly 1 Corinthians 15:44-45:

(1 Corinthians 15:44-45) “It is sown as a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.”

Paul emphasizes the complete sanctification of believers, encompassing all aspects of their being – spirit, soul, and body. While Paul speaks of preserving the whole person “unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ,” he’s not necessarily implying all believers will be alive at Christ’s return. Rather, he’s expressing the hope of Christ’s return as a present reality for all believers, whether alive or dead at that time.

In light of 1 Corinthians 15:44-45, we can understand that Paul recognizes both the present “natural body” and the future “spiritual body.” The prayer for preservation of the body in 1 Thessalonians 5:23 encompasses both the present physical body and the future resurrected body.

The reference to Adam as a “living soul” and Christ as a “quickening spirit” in 1 Corinthians 15:45 adds depth to our understanding of “spirit and soul” in 1 Thessalonians 5:23. It suggests a progression from the natural, soul-driven life to the spiritual, Christ-empowered existence.

(1 Thessalonians 5:23)”And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.“

Paul’s language implies both continuity (preservation) and transformation (sanctification) of the believer’s entire being in preparation for Christ’s return and the resurrection.

In conclusion, while 1 Thessalonians 5:23 does suggest Paul’s hope for Christ’s imminent return, it should be understood within the broader context of his teachings on resurrection and transformation. The verse expresses the desire for complete sanctification of believers in their current state, while also pointing towards their future glorified state at Christ’s return, whether they are alive or have died and will be resurrected.

Isaiah 26:9 provides a rich metaphor for the spiritual journey, illustrating the interconnected yet distinct roles of soul and spirit:

(Isaiah 26:9) “With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.”

The soul’s desire for God in the night represents an innate longing for the soulish (another Jesus) while full understanding is lacking.

(2 Corinthians 11:4) “For if he that cometh preacheth another Jesus, whom we have not preached, or if ye receive another spirit, which ye have not received, or another gospel, which ye have not accepted, ye might well bear with him.”

This aligns with John 3:19-21, where darkness is associated with a state before coming to the light of truth.

“And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.”

The spirit seeking God “early” or “at dawn” implies a more active, conscious pursuit of God as spiritual understanding begins to grow.

This mirrors 2 Peter 1:19, which speaks of heeding prophecy “as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts.”

“We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:”

The verse suggests a progression from the soul’s desire to the spirit’s seeking, mirroring the journey from spiritual darkness to light.

This progression is reflected in Ephesians.

(Ephesians 5:8) “For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light.”

While distinct, soul and spirit work in tandem, reminiscent of how Psalm 119:105 describes God’s word as both “a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path,” guiding both immediate steps and overall direction.

“NUN. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.”

The latter part of Isaiah 26:9 suggests that both soul and spirit respond to God’s self-revelation in the world.

“With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.” (Isaiah 26:9)

This parallels 2 Corinthians 4:6:

“For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.”

The use of both soul and spirit emphasizes the holistic nature of spiritual experience, involving emotional, instinctive, and cognitive aspects of our being.

This holistic approach is seen in Romans 13:12:

“The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.”

The metaphor of night and early morning represents the cyclical nature of spiritual life, with periods of lesser and greater understanding. Also, the separation of light and darkness is one of many symbols of “dividing asunder the soul and spirit”.

This cycle is reflected in Proverbs 4:18:

“But the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.“

In conclusion, Isaiah 26:9 illustrates the journey from spiritual darkness (night) to the beginning of understanding (dawn), mirroring the broader biblical theme of moving from darkness to light (Acts 26:18, Colossians 1:13). It shows how the soul is in darkness and cannot seek God and the spirit is engaged in seeking God, progressing from death, lack of spiritual understanding, to a more enlightened pursuit, ultimately leading to a state where, as Jesus said, “he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life” (John 8:12).

(Act 26:18) “To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.”

Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son: (Colossians 1:13)

VII. The Division of Soul and Spirit

Returning to our key verse:

“For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.” (Hebrews 4:12)

This verse presents God’s Word as capable of dividing soul and spirit. But what does this division mean, and why is it significant?

To understand this division, we must consider the principle of spiritual discernment:

“But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.” (1 Corinthians 2:14)

The division of soul and spirit represents the process of distinguishing between natural, soulish, carnally minded inclinations and spiritual truths. It’s part of the transformative work of God’s Word in a believer’s life.

Jesus often spoke in parables, and Scripture contains symbolic meaning:

(Matthew 13:13) “Therefore speak I to them in parables: because they seeing see not; and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand.”

Viewing the division of soul and spirit through this lens, we understand it as a metaphor for the internal process of spiritual growth and discernment.

The Old Testament often presents types and shadows of spiritual realities:

“Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.” (Colossians 2:17)

The concept of dividing soul and spirit should be seen as a “shadow” of the deeper spiritual work that God’s Word accomplishes in us.

VIII. The Interplay of Soul, Spirit, and Body

To fully grasp the complex relationship between soul, spirit, and body, we must consider Paul’s view in 1 Thessalonians 5:23:

“And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.”

This verse suggests an intricate interplay between these three aspects of mankind, each playing a crucial role in our spiritual life and development.

Scripture presents the body as multifaceted in its spiritual significance:

Temple of the Holy Spirit:

(1 Corinthians 6:19) “What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?”

Instrument for God’s glory:

(Romans 12:1) “I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.”

Subject to resurrection:

(1 Corinthians 15:44) “It is sown as a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body.”

Venue for spiritual warfare:

(2 Corinthians 10:1-6) “Now I Paul myself beseech you by the meekness and gentleness of Christ, who in presence am base among you, but being absent am bold toward you: But I beseech you, that I may not be bold when I am present with that confidence, wherewith I think to be bold against some, which think of us as if we walked according to the flesh. For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh: (For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds;) Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ; And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience, when your obedience is fulfilled.”

(1 Corinthians 9:27) “But I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection: lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway.”

The transformation of the body is intrinsically linked to the renewal of the mind and spirit:

“And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.” (Romans 12:2)

This renewal process involves aligning our thoughts, attitudes, and actions with spiritual truths, demonstrating the interconnectedness of body, soul, and spirit.

The concept of offering our bodies as living sacrifices encompasses various aspects:

Yielding to righteousness:

(Romans 6:13) “Neither yield ye your members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin: but yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness unto God.“

Practicing self-control:

(1 Corinthians 9:24) “Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain.”

Serving others:

(Galatians 5:13) “For, brethren, ye have been called unto liberty; only use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another.“

Maintaining purity:

(2 Corinthians 7:1) “Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.”

Several passages suggest a strong connection between physical and mental/spiritual states:

(Colossians 3:1-7)  “If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience: In the which ye also walked some time, when ye lived in them.”

This connection implies that the body can serve as a physical manifestation of our spiritual and mental state.

The interplay between soul, spirit, and body in Scripture reveals a holistic view of mankind’s nature. The body is presented as sacred, purposeful, and integral to spiritual life, serving as both a temple for God’s spirit and an instrument for His service. The transformation of the body is linked to the renewal of the mind and spirit, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these aspects. By presenting our bodies as living sacrifices, we engage in a process of aligning our entire being – body, soul, and spirit – with God’s will, demonstrating the profound unity of our physical and spiritual nature in the pursuit of holiness and service to God. Keeping in mind that “the soul that sinneth it shall die”. We must be born again into a new body with a new mind.

(1 Corinthians 15:35-49) “But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come? Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die: And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain: But God giveth it a body as it hath pleased him, and to every seed his own body. All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption: It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power: It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is the Lord from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy: and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly.”

Link to Hebrews 4:12 Part 1

Link to Hebrews 4:12 Part 3